Landscape Function Analysis: Responses to Bush Encroachment in a Semi-Arid Savanna in the Molopo Region, South Africa

Various factors lead to increased woody species density, biomass and cover (so-called ‘bush encroachment’) that influence ecosystem functioning services in semi-arid rangelands. Ultimately, bush encroachment has adverse effects on human livelihoods. An understanding of bush-encroached rangelands could contribute improved management, conservation restoration. This study, therefore, aimed determine landscape controlled savanna the Molopo region, South Africa, by using function analysis (LFA) monitoring procedure. Mixed models revealed no significant differences based LFA indices between bush-thickened bush-controlled sites due drought conditions prevailed while survey was carried out. Stability, which largest contributing factors, always had highest numerical value for were still bush-encroached. Soil analyses grass litter patches from aeroplane-controlled average nutrient levels. As expected, high percentages carbon calcium levels found shrub patches. Bush-encroached landscapes are fully functional areas, especially under conditions. Long-term research is required successful management functioning, during periods higher rainfall.